April 1973
While the actual break in at the Watergate didn’t occur until June 1972, the seeds of the scandal were planted in the early years of Nixon’s first term (and a case could be made they go back even farther).
Key Events
- Formation of The Plumbers
- The Pentagon Papers
“They’re gonna beat the (expletive) out of some of these people.”
–Bob Haldeman
<<February and March ’73
May and June ’73>>
Early April 1973
Sam Ervin holds a press conference where he calls Nixon’s claims of executive privilege “executive poppycock.”
Tuesday, April 03, 1973
Dean meets with his new lawyer, Charles Schaffer, who tells him he’s got serious problems and is likely guilty of conspiring to obstruct justice.
Wednesday, April 04, 1973
Ehrlichman speaks with Judge Matthew Byrne about the FBI Director position. Byrne is currently presiding over the Daniel Ellsberg criminal trial.
Wednesday, April 04, 1973
Nixon and Ehrlichman discuss their concerns over Dean’s possible testimony that would likely implicate Haldeman.
Sunday, April 08, 1973
The New York Times reports McCord testified that the payoffs of the Watergate participants were directly from CRP.
Sunday, April 08, 1973
Hugh Sloan tells Woodward and Bernstein that around $75,000 was transferred from Stan’s safe to LaRue after the break in. A Justice Department official tells Woodward the prosecutors are looking at all the money from the secret fund.
Sunday, April 08, 1973
After Schaffer, Dean’s lawyer, works out an off the record arrangement with Silbert and the prosecutors, Dean begins telling his side of the story including the payments, perjury, and the involvement of the President’s men, including himself. The meeting is interrupted by a call from Air Force One demanding Dean meet with Haldeman and Ehrlichman that afternoon.
Monday, April 09, 1973
Dean continues his meetings with the prosecutors where he talks more about money and about Patrick Gray.
Monday, April 09, 1973
Haldeman and Nixon discuss whether his taping system (at the time known only to Nixon, Haldeman, and a few others) could contain damaging conversations. At one point, it appears Nixon favors destroying the tapes, but in the end nothing is done.
Tuesday, April 10, 1973
After laying the groundwork for several days, Magruder comes clean to his lawyers who tell him he’s in a bad spot and has no choice but to try and get the best deal possible.
Tuesday, April 10, 1973
Vice President Spiro Agnew speaks with Haldeman about applying pressure to someone who is investigating Agnew for taking kick backs.
Thursday, April 12, 1973
Magruder begins meeting with the prosecutors who by this time are only interested in what he has on Mitchell since Dean was already cooperating (although Magruder does not yet know this).
Friday, April 13, 1973
Magruder assures Haldeman’s aide, Larry Higby, that Haldeman has nothing to worry about and he will definitely not say anything to implicate the President.
Saturday, April 14, 1973
Having conducted the meetings with Dean and Magruder in secret, the prosecutors finally fill in Assistant Attorney General Henry Peterson and others what they’d learned. Peterson informs Kleindienst who has just learned of Magruder’s cooperation from Ehrlichman.
Saturday, April 14, 1973
Nixon, Ehrlichman and Haldeman discuss plans to get Mitchell to take the fall and decide the President will need to handle it personally to keep the others out of it.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
After scheduling a meeting with Woodward and Bernstein the night before, Attorney General Kleindienst is called the White House and cancels his meeting with the reporters. He later calls and apologizes.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
Ehrlichman and Nixon are worried that Hunt may tell all about the Plumbers. They are also worried about what Dean is saying. Both agree they’ll need to talk Kleindienst out of calling for a special prosecutor.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
During the meeting with Kleindienst, Nixon listens as Kleindienst tells what Peterson has informed him. Nixon steers him away from the special prosecutor option for the time being.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
Throughout the weekend, Nixon, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman discuss options. They decide Mitchell and Dean will have to go, but believe that won’t be enough. Haldeman says he’ll resign if necessary, but leaves it to the President.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
In his final off the record meeting with the prosecutors, Dean tells them about the White House’s involvement in the break in of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist. This puts the entire Watergate affair into perspective for them and they immediately inform Peterson of the news.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
Dean is summoned to President’s private office where Dean tells Nixon all of them are in serious trouble. Dean says he’s ready to resign. Nixon also tries to convince Dean that the first time he’d heard about how bad Watergate had gotten was during their March 21 conversation. Dean gets the feeling that their conversation is being recorded.
Sunday, April 15, 1973
Presidential aide Leonard Garment tells Nixon that saving himself and saving Haldeman and Ehrlichman can’t both happen. Both need to go.
Monday, April 16, 1973
Magruder calls Mitchell to tell him he’s going to cooperate. The two colleagues wish each other good luck.
Monday, April 16, 1973
A Post editor claims the Los Angeles Times says the White House will announce high level officials will be named as having participated in political espionage and sabotage without Nixon’s approval. Woodward contacts Felt/Deep Throat who says Dean and Haldeman will resign. The Post, however, is unsure how to handle this revelation.
Tuesday, April 17, 1973
Nixon, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman suspect Dean will try to pin everything on them and Nixon wants to ensure if he does, he does not get immunity in return.
Tuesday, April 17, 1973
Nixon announces to the press he is now personally conducting an investigation, and has made significant progress towards finding the truth. He says he met with Kleindienst and Henry Peterson to determine the next course of action. He also spoke with Ervin and Baker to reach an agreement for White House participation in the Senate’s investigation. He hopes that no current or previous member of his administration that participated will receive immunity. Ziegler declares all of his previous comments related to Watergate should now be considered “inoperable.”
Tuesday, April 17, 1973
Knowing the President’s comments on immunity were directed at him, Dean gathers some of his important papers and leaves the White House issuing a statement saying he will not become a scapegoat.
Wednesday, April 18, 1973
A source inside CRP tells Woodward that Magruder had gone to the prosecutors on April 14 and given information on Dean and Mitchell pinning much of the break in and payoffs on them. A White House official confirms it will likely mean jail time for Mitchell and Dean.
Thursday, April 19, 1973
Both the New York Times and Washington Post run front page stories on the developments. The Post focuses on Magruder’s testimony that Dean and Mitchell planned the break in. The Times reports that Kleindienst is removing himself from the case since some of his clients would be indicted. The stories shift the narrative from the bugging and break in itself to the obstruction of justice committed by White House officials.
Thursday, April 19, 1973
After failing to reach Dean directly, Bernstein speaks with a friend of Dean who tells him Dean will not go down for the actions of others. He tells Bernstein to look into Nixon’s statement and says finding out what happened on March 21 is important. He says Dean didn’t do anything without someone else telling him first. Finally, the friend says the so called “Dean Report” of the investigation was a myth and any facts Dean gathered were twisted.
Thursday, April 19, 1973
Seeking confirmation, Woodward calls his CRP source who confirms there was no White House investigation until John Dean talked to the President on March 21. He says everything about the coverup was approved by Haldeman. Dean will tell the grand jury everything he knows if he can get a deal from the prosecutors.
Friday, April 20, 1973
The New York Times reports Mitchell had told others he’d seen multiple proposals to bug the Democrats in 1972, but both he and Dean had rejected them.
Friday, April 20, 1973
After Mitchell meets with the grand jury, he admits hearing plans to bugging the Democrats when he was Attorney General, but says he rejected them all. Sources confirm he testified approving payouts for the Watergate suspects with CRP funds, but says it was only to pay for legal fees. He also believes Magruder went over his head to get the buggings approved after he rejected them.
Friday, April 20, 1973
Charles Colson turns over evidence implicating Dean to the U.S. Attorney’s office.
Mid April 1973
As the Senate investigation continues, they learn more details about GEMSTONE from Sally Harmony, Liddy’s secretary. More damaging information comes from Kalmbach as he outlines the payoff process he’d worked out with Dean and Ehrlichman.
Sunday, April 22, 1973
Woodward speaks to associates of Colson who say he alerted the President in December that some of the President’s staff were involved in Watergate and its coverup. When reached for comment, Colson denies ever saying that.
Sunday, April 22, 1973
Nixon calls Dean from Key Biscayne and pretends everything is fine between them hoping Dean will still feel part of the team and change his mind about turning on them. This is the last conversation they will ever have.
Wednesday, April 25, 1973
Haldeman asks Steve Bull for several tapes of conversations Dean had with the President.
Wednesday, April 25, 1973
Nixon tells Ehrlichman that the Justice Department notified Judge Byrne, the judge in the Ellsberg case about the Plumbers. Nixon tells Ehrlichman he’ll have to take a leave of absence. Nixon then learns the New York Times is onto the story that Gray destroyed evidence from Hunt’s safe.
Thursday, April 26, 1973
Ehrlichman urges the President to listen to the tapes to understand exactly what he had spoken to Dean about regarding Watergate.
Thursday, April 26, 1973
Bernstein again speaks to Dean’s associate who says Dean had told Nixon on March 21 that there was cancer that needed to be removed. The only option was for Nixon’s men to go to the prosecutors and face jail time. Nixon, however, sided with Haldeman and Ehrlichman and wanted to minimize losses by making Dean the scapegoat.
Thursday, April 26, 1973
Haldeman listens to the March 21 tape with Nixon and Dean. He proposes that Nixon was playing the role of investigator and asking questions to learn the truth rather than participating. He admits that he’s not sure that version of events will hold up.
Thursday, April 26, 1973
The New York Times learns from Senate Committee member Lowell Weicker that FBI Director Gray destroyed documents from Howard Hunt’s White House safe including a dossier on Senator Edward Kennedy. Felt/Deep Throat contacts Woodward directly and confirms the story.
Thursday, April 26, 1973
Magruder resigns from government work saying his ties to Watergate were too challenging.
Friday, April 27, 1973
After admitting to destroying documents related to Watergate, Gray steps down as acting FBI Director. Mark Felt is acting director for a few hours before Nixon appoints William Ruckelshaus as the new acting director. Ruckelshaus had been leading the EPA and only agreed to accept the position if no one involved was spared prosecution.
Friday, April 27, 1973
The presiding judge at the trial of Daniel Ellsberg (who leaked the Pentagon Papers) says he’s learned that Hunt and Liddy were also responsible for the burglary of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist.
Saturday, April 28, 1973
Woodward interviews a senior presidential aide who tells him Haldeman and Ehrlichman are finished, and it’s likely Dean will testify that the President is also guilty.
Sunday, April 29, 1973
Nixon meets with newly appointed Attorney General Elliot Richardson and tells him to investigate Watergate thoroughly no matter where it leads. Nixon says he’s innocent so there’s nothing to worry about.
Sunday, April 29, 1973
Nixon summons Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Kleindienst and tells them all they need to resign.
Monday, April 30, 1973
John Dean, in New York being grilled by the grand jury investigation Mitchell and Stans involvement with Robert Vesco’s campaign contributions, receives a phone telling him he’s been fired.
Monday, April 30, 1973
That evening, the President announces the resignations of Bob Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and Richard Kleindienst. Elliot Richardson takes over as Attorney General. John Dean has been fired. Nixon takes responsibility, but accepts no blame saying he did not know about anything prior to March 21.
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