June and July 1974
While the actual break in at the Watergate didn’t occur until June 1972, the seeds of the scandal were planted in the early years of Nixon’s first term (and a case could be made they go back even farther).
Key Events
- Formation of The Plumbers
- The Pentagon Papers
“They’re gonna beat the (expletive) out of some of these people.”
–Bob Haldeman
<<April and May ’74
August and September ’74>>
Monday, June 03, 1974
The trial of Ehrlichman and Colson involving the Ellsberg burglary case breaks open when Colson surprisingly pleads guilty.
Wednesday, June 05, 1974
The Los Angeles Times report that Nixon was named as an unindicted co-conspirator by the grand jury.
Thursday, June 06, 1974
Steve Bull again testifies before the Watergate grand jury regarding the missing 18.5 minute section from June 20. He hands over his notes about what was on the tape.
Sunday, June 09, 1974
Nixon attends a send off event before leaving for the Middle East the next day.
Tuesday, June 11, 1974
Facing mounting allegations, Kissinger holds a press conference to make his case and says he will resign if his reputation is beyond repair.
Tuesday, June 11, 1974
While on the Middle East trip, Nixon’s physicians tell him he has a blood clot that could be fatal, but Nixon refuses to return to the US.
Tuesday, June 11, 1974
Whitehead and Buchen meet with the Ford transition team to continue planning in case Nixon was impeached or resigned. They also believe it could pose a problem for Ford if he attempts to soften Nixon’s legal problems after leaving office.
Saturday, June 15, 1974
The book “All the President’s Men” written by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein is published. It reveals for the first time they had a secret source only referred to as “Deep Throat”. (Woodward had asked Felt if his name could be used, but Felt responded by demanding the two not speak again.)
Wednesday, June 19, 1974
Nixon returns to the White House after the Middle East trip and is greeted by chants of “Two more years.”
Friday, June 21, 1974
Charles Colson is sentenced in the Ellsberg break in case. In his statement, he states that Nixon urged him to send out damaging information on Ellsberg.
Friday, June 21, 1974
After six weeks of sessions, Doar completes his presentation of evidence to the Committee.
Monday, June 24, 1974
The House committee hearings wrap up. They vote to make the evidence public prior to any impeachment vote.
Tuesday, June 25, 1974
Nixon, still suffering from physical issues, flies to Russia to meet with Brezhnev.
Tuesday, June 25, 1974
The Wall Street Journal publishes a story quoting Mark Felt assuring them he is not Deep Throat. He tells them he believes Deep Throat is a composite of multiple sources.
Thursday, June 27, 1974
St. Clair begins his response to the House committee findings saying that transcribing the tapes was complicated and could be interpreted different ways depending on who was listening to them.
Friday, June 28, 1974
The LA Times reports Chairman Rodino expects all 21 Democrats and possibly up to 6 Republicans to vote for impeachment. (The remarks were made to several reporters during lunch the day before, but Rodino had not expected them to be printed.)
Saturday, June 29, 1974
The LA times report is met with outrage from the White House throwing Rodino’s impartiality into question.
Monday, July 08, 1974
Charles Colson reports to prison in Alabama facing a one to three year sentence.
Tuesday, July 09, 1974
Rodino releases the Judiciary Committee’s versions of eight transcripts with nearly 100 issues outlined. The transcripts damage the White House version of events that Nixon knew nothing before March 21.
Tuesday, July 09, 1974
Behind closed doors, the Supreme Court justices unanimously rule against Nixon, but it will be two weeks before the opinion is made public.
Thursday, July 11, 1974
John Dean testifies before the Judiciary Committee marking the first opportunity for the White House to question his version of events. St. Clair tries to pin him down on the $75,000 payout to Hunt on March 21 saying the President did not approve it as Dean had testified the year before and the matter was left unresolved. Dean counters the only matter left unresolved was raising the $1,000,000 needed to continue the payoffs. Dean maintains the upper hand throughout the questioning with St. Clair demonstrating he does not contain the same knowledge of the situation as Dean.
Friday, July 12, 1974
The House Judiciary Committee releases its evidence detailing the deeds of Nixon and his men.
Friday, July 12, 1974
John Ehrlichman is found guilty of the conspiring to violate the civil rights of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist among other charges. Liddy, Martinez, and Barker are also found guilty.
Mid July 1974
St. Clair tells the House Judiciary Committee the President did not ask the CIA to intervene in the FBI’s investigation of Watergate saying Nixon had no prior knowledge of an alleged plot to obstruct the FBI. Around this same time, the House Judiciary committee notices that a meeting of senior level advisors to the President met on June 20, 1972, then Ehrlichman went in to see Nixon right afterwards. As this was Nixon’s first day in the White House since the break in, they find it highly unlikely the two men didn’t talk about it. Yet both Ehrlichman and Nixon claim they’d never talked about Watergate.
Thursday, July 18, 1974
While arguing before the Judiciary Committee, St. Clair introduces a section of transcript from March 22 where the President tells Haldeman, “I don’t mean to be blackmailed by Hunt. That goes too far.” St. Clair claims while the President may not have acted immediately on March 21, within six weeks Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Dean were all ousted. Many protest this new transcript which amounts to a small segment in a much longer conversation already under subpoena but denied by the White House. St Clair admits only the President can give them more than what he has.
Friday, July 19, 1974
John Doar presents his strongest argument during a hearing where he lays out damning detail after detail about the President’s widespread illegal activity. His arguments are seen as persuasive by some and as sloppy by others.
Tuesday, July 23, 1974
Several undecided Republicans and southern Democrats of the Committee meet to rewrite Doar’s drafts of impeachment. Afterwards, all agree they will be voting for impeachment.
Tuesday, July 23, 1974
Nixon calls Governor George Wallace hoping he can persuade others on impeachment, but Wallace says such action would be inappropriate. Nixon tells Haig, “Well, Al, there goes the presidency.”
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
The Supreme Court rules 8-0 that the President must turn over tapes containing the 64 subpoenaed conversations to Sirica. When Buzhardt contacts the White House for instructions, Nixon tells him of a potential problem with the June 23, 1972 conversation.
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
Buzhardt reviews the tape from June 23 and hears the President and Haldeman decide to tell the FBI to back off on Watergate. The tape undercuts the President’s assertion that he was unaware of the coverup until the Dean conversation the following March. There is also no mention of anything related to national security which Nixon had also been using as an excuse to avoid releasing certain tapes. Buzhardt believes the tape is the fatal blow to Nixon’s presidency.
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
Buzhardt contacts Haig and gives him the news about the June 23 tape. He quotes Haldeman saying “we’re back in the problem area” implying there were earlier conversations on Watergate (possibly in the missing 18 and half minutes from June 20). Haig suggests if this is true, the President likely erased that portion personally. Buzhardt says this new tape limits the President’s options on how to handle the Supreme Court’s decision, it also proves that earlier information submitted to the Judiciary Committee was false and will have to be corrected.
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
After hearing Nixon’s objections to the severity of the June 23 conversation, Haig and St. Clair tell Nixon any defiance of the Court’s decision will result in impeachment. Nixon demands St. Clair get more time for him to personally review the tapes before turning anything over, but St. Clair is not optimistic. At a press conference, St. Clair announces the President will comply with the ruling.
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
Buzhardt recommends Timmons reach out to the House Minority Leader who had been a vocal supporter of Nixon, and let him know he should stop making public statements for the time being.
Wednesday, July 24, 1974
The House Judiciary Committee begins writing Article One of impeachment. Several members on both sides of the aisle voice their concern for the President’s conduct.
Thursday, July 25, 1974
As the House Judiciary Committee continues its proceedings, many of the undecideds on the committee begin to reveal their positions publicly and Nixon’s chances further diminish.
Friday, July 26, 1974
Sirica is displeased as St. Clair asks for more time to produce the tapes. He tells St. Clair and Jaworski to sort out a timeline (eventually settling on the following Tuesday) for the first batch of tapes with more coming the following week. St. Clair says he’ll recommend this timeline to the President, but the decision is Nixon’s. Sirica demands St. Clair listen to the tapes and turnover the ones needed.
Friday, July 26, 1974
Gergen recommends the President request an immediate vote on impeachment, which they expect to lose, but it will give them a trial in the Senate where they could attack the evidence. He suggests the move will give the President momentum before the trial. Others are concerned that since they can’t be sure of what is on the tapes, they aren’t sure of the best course of action. They decide Pat Buchanan was the best choice to listen to the tapes and make a decision.
Saturday, July 27, 1974
The House Judiciary Committee votes on the first article of impeachment relating to the Watergate coverup and obstruction of justice. The article passes 27-11.
Sunday, July 28, 1974
Haig appears on 60 Minutes saying he believes the President will prevail in the full House. Mike Wallace presses him on the option to resign, and Haig says it will only happen if the President deems it in the best interest of the American people.
Sunday, July 28, 1974
The Washington Post reports the White House staff is in disarray and has no plan to handle the current situation. Another story states many of the President’s staff do not expect his run in the White House to last much longer.
Monday, July 29, 1974
Haig confronts Gergen about the Post stories. Gergen admits to speaking with reporters and believes trying to remain positive feels futile in the current situation. Haig admits he believes the President is guilty.
Monday, July 29, 1974
The House Judiciary Committee votes on the second article of impeachment charging the President with abuse of power and violating the constitutional rights of American citizens. The article passes 28-10.
Tuesday, July 30, 1974
St. Clair turns over the initial twenty tapes, but says the notes of those meetings are still being located. Nixon listens to more tapes throughout the day.
Tuesday, July 30, 1974
Nixon tells Buzhardt he believes two other conversations on June 23 make the case for national security. Buzhardt listens as Haldeman and Nixon continue to build the cover story as to why the FBI should not go further into its Watergate investigation. Buzhardt tells Nixon the conversations actually make the situation even worse. Later Buzhardt meets with St. Clair and explains the significance of the conversations and how they directly contradict St. Clair’s words to the committee. St. Clair understands the President had lied.
Tuesday, July 30, 1974
The third article of impeachment passes 21-17 citing the President for ignoring the committee’s subpoenas. The committee’s work ends with a plan to begin the next phase in the House in a few weeks.
Wednesday, July 31, 1974
Buzhardt and St. Clair agree the President will need to resign and they take their assessment to Haig. Haig agrees, but says he doesn’t believe that will happen. He agrees to let them make their case to Nixon, but the President refuses to see them saying he already knows they want him to resign.
Wednesday, July 31, 1974
Buchanan floats the idea of going directly to the Senate, thus acknowledging defeat in the House, but the idea is met with anger from Nixon supporters and called off.
Wednesday, July 31, 1974
Haig assembles the White House staff to begin coming up with rebuttals for each of the articles, but makes no mention of the June 23 tape.
Wednesday, July 31, 1974
Ziegler tells Nixon about Ehrlichman’s sentence for the Ellsberg burglary. He says the options for Nixon are also dwindling, but Nixon is incensed by this and throws Ziegler out of his office.
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August and September ’74>>