October 1972
While the actual break in at the Watergate didn’t occur until June 1972, the seeds of the scandal were planted in the early years of Nixon’s first term (and a case could be made they go back even farther).
Key Events
- Formation of The Plumbers
- The Pentagon Papers
“They’re gonna beat the (expletive) out of some of these people.”
–Bob Haldeman
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November ’72 through January ’73>>
Sunday, October 01, 1972
Bernstein reaches out to Robert Meyers, the Post’s West Coast correspondent, and tells him to track down Segretti.
Monday, October 02, 1972
Bernstein obtains Segretti’s credit card records and learns he crossed the country nearly a dozen times in late 1971 making stops in several cities that were key to the 1972 campaign. Shipley’s account of the plan appears to be accurate.
Tuesday, October 03, 1972
When Wright Patman’s Banking Committee investigation attempts to get subpoena power, Dean (behind the scenes) and Ford among others fight against him and eventually Patman loses his bid to compel Stans to testify.
Wednesday, October 04, 1972
Wright Patman complains to Judge John Sirica who is presiding over the burglary case that his gag order forbidding discussion of the case with government officials effectively played into the White House’s plans by allowing everyone to use the ruling as an excuse to not talk. Sirica amends his own ruling the next day.
Thursday, October 05, 1972
Los Angeles Times reporters Ronald Ostrow and Jack Nelson publish an interview with former FBI agent Alfred Baldwin. It is the first interview with a Watergate insider and provides a clear link from the burglars to CRP. Baldwin reveals that he had monitored phone calls from Democratic Headquarters inside the Watergate, and he was planning to do the same at the convention in Miami. He also gives details about other shady plans, most of which did not play out. He does not provide any names on who else had access to the transcripts.
Thursday, October 05, 1972
Meyers tracks down Segretti who refuses to answer questions beyond “No Comment” and “I don’t remember”. The two get into a scuffle when Meyers tries to take his photo. Meyers immediately phones Bernstein with the information.
Thursday, October 05, 1972
During a routine call to the Justice Department, Bernstein asks if the official has heard of Donald Segretti. The official says he can’t comment since that’s part of the investigation. Stunned, Bernstein then asks about Herbert Kalmbach and is also told the official can’t talk since it’s part of the investigation. Bernstein asks if the two men are connected, but does not receive an answer.
Friday, October 06, 1972
The Washington Post follows the LA Times article with a story saying the Baldwin named Robert Odle, Magruder’s aid, and William Timmons, White House liaison for CRP had access to the transcripts of phone calls. The information was confirmed by a source in the Justice Department. The report, however, turns out to be incorrect.
Friday, October 06, 1972
Meyers speaks with several acquaintances of Segretti from his USC undergraduate days. It turns out Segretti had been friends with Ron Ziegler, Bart Porter, Dwight Chapin, and several others associated with the Nixon White House.
Friday, October 06, 1972
Karlyn Barker, another Post reporter, gets more details on the Segretti/USC group. They belonged to a group on campus called “Trojans for Representative Government” and engaged in what they called “ratfucking” in attempts to tamper with elections. Ziegler and Chapin joined the Nixon campaign for governor where they met Haldeman.
Saturday, October 07, 1972
Bernstein returns to his Justice Department contact who will not confirm any information on other members of the White House connected with Segretti, but also doesn’t discourage the reporter’s investigation leading Bernstein to believe they are on the right path.
Saturday, October 07, 1972
Bernstein contacts an attorney in the Justice Department who, in reference to “ratfucking”, says “You can go right to the top on that one.” The attorney is incensed at the behavior of those involved, but won’t discuss names. He does say it goes higher than John Mitchell, which Bernstein knows is a very short list that likely only includes Haldeman and Nixon.
Sunday, October 08, 1972
With Woodward out of town, Bernstein drafts a story on the three attorneys approached to conduct political sabotage for CRP, but when Woodward hears the draft he doesn’t believe there is enough solid information to publish.
Monday, October 09, 1972
In their early morning garage meeting, Felt/Deep Throat tells Woodward “There is a way to untie the Watergate knot.” Adding that the intelligence gathering from CRP just got out of hand. Felt confirms Mitchell was involved, but only Nixon and Mitchell can say how deeply he was in. During Mitchell’s investigation after June 17, he uncovered far more than he expected. Howard Hunt was even tapped to get information for Mitchell, but that ended quickly with Ehrlichman firing him and Hunt leaving town. Felt won’t go into specifics about how things were connected beyond saying nothing was an isolated event. He says Mitchell knew his fate early on after the break in. Felt/Deep Throat details the different undercover operations groups including one related to CRP advertising, one that gathered intelligence for the Democratic and Republican conventions, one that gathered intelligence for primaries, and the Howard Hunt group, which reported to Charles Colson, that did the most damaging operations. Felt/Deep Throat confirms that the FBI limited their investigation to only the events of June 17 and it was clear perjury from Sally Harmony and others had taken place. Woodward continues to push Felt/Deep Throat for specifics that he can actually print,..Read More
Monday, October 09, 1972
In the morning, Woodward and Bernstein begin crafting stories based on the latest information from Felt/Deep Throat. Another reporter, Marilyn Berger, asks Bernstein if he knows that Ken Clawson wrote the Canuck Letter. Bernstein is shocked and suspicious of the timing, but Clawson had told her this some weeks earlier. Berger has lunch with Clawson to try and get more details. When she tells him Woodward and Bernstein are working on big story tracing the Canuck letter to the White House, Clawson says he’ll deny having written it. Clawson calls Woodward and says he did not admit to writing the Canuck letter, but Woodward says they are standing by Berger’s account. Clawson calls Berger and begs her not to mention that the conversation took place in her apartment, but she tells him she already has. He’s incredulous saying “Marilyn, I have a wife and a family and a dog and cat,” but Berger thinks he should be more concerned about admitting to writing the letter than where he mentioned it to her.
Tuesday, October 10, 1972
With this new information, the Post reporters and editors combine the original three stories into one account reporting the FBI established that the Watergate bugging was only part of an unprecedented level of spying and political sabotage all done at the behest of CRP and the White House. These activities included following candidates and their families, forging letters, misleading leaks to the press, and seizing confidential campaign files. The story also includes the account of the Canuck letter, Felt/Deep Throat’s assertions that over fifty Nixon operatives were working to disrupt Democratic campaigns, and details of Segretti’s activities. CRP’s official comment for the story is “The Post story is not only fiction but a collection of absurdities.”
Tuesday, October 10, 1972
The New York Times gets confirmation from Shipley and others that the Post’s story is true.
Tuesday, October 10, 1972
Bradlee takes Woodward to lunch seeking more information on their sources and wants assurances that they aren’t just using the Post for some other agenda.
Wednesday, October 11, 1972
After Woodward receives a call from the McGovern campaign with a list of potential acts of sabotage, the Post runs a story about the charges despite Woodward’s protests that there isn’t any corroboration.
Wednesday, October 11, 1972
During a meeting on Capitol Hill, Muskie tells Bernstein his campaign was besieged by problems and leaks that no one could figure out, but he always felt Nixon’s men were behind it.
Wednesday, October 11, 1972
Hunt demands the return of his belongs that were confiscated from his safe after the break in and given to John Dean. Two notebooks in particular are of interest because they do not appear on Dean’s inventory of the safe’s contents.
Thursday, October 12, 1972
Bernstein writes the Muskie sabotage story that has confirmation on several events that were suspicious including facsimiles of Muskie stationary with damaging stories about senator Edward Kennedy, a fundraising dinner in Washington gone awry, calls to white voters in the middle of the night urging them to vote for Muskie because “he’s been so good for the black man,” and polling data disappearing from desks in their campaign headquarters.
Thursday, October 12, 1972
Robert Meyers calls Woodward and says he’d met with Larry Young, a business associate of Segretti, who told him Hunt called Segretti repeatedly to give him instructions. Segretti had told Young he was working for a well connected wealthy lawyer who lives in Newport Beach in California. Woodward assumes it is Kalmbach, but Meyers said Young didn’t recognize the name. Young did say Segretti often referred to meeting with “DC” which he assumed to be Dwight Chapin. Bernstein calls Young who tells him that after the break in Segretti started getting calls from the FBI that sent him into a panic. Young was positive Segretti named the California lawyer and Dwight Chapin during his grand jury testimony.
Saturday, October 14, 1972
Young agrees to go on the record and Woodward meets with a Justice Department attorney familiar with the case who confirms the Chapin/Segretti connection, but admits they aren’t pursuing anything outside of the initial break in. When read a copy of the story the Post was working on based on Young’s interview, the agent calls the story “fundamentally inaccurate.” The story includes the claim that the lawyer paying for Segretti’s activities was a friend of the President.
Sunday, October 15, 1972
Time magazine publishes a story saying Chapin had directly hired Segretti with the help of Gordon Strachan who was an aide of Haldeman. The story also reports Segretti was paid over $35,000 by Kalmbach.
Sunday, October 15, 1972
Woodward meets with Sloan who confirms Kalmbach’s involvement in distributing money from the secret fund.
Sunday, October 15, 1972
Ehrlichman appears on ABC and says no one in the White House had known about Watergate in advance.
Monday, October 16, 1972
After Ziegler refuses to comment on any stories at the morning press conference, Clark MacGregor, the new Director of the Nixon Campaign, holds a press conference of his own. Rather than take questions, however, he reads a prepared attack on “McGovernism” and the Washington Post asking why the Post hasn’t investigated any of the attacks on the Nixon campaign.
Wednesday, October 18, 1972
A New York Times story says the Segretti’s telephone or credit card had been used for several calls to the White House, Chapin’s home, and Hunt’s home and office.
Wednesday, October 18, 1972
An FBI memo states that Assistant Attorney General Peterson does not believe Segretti broke any federal laws and sees no reason for the FBI to continue investigating him.
Thursday, October 19, 1972
Haldeman tells Nixon the leaks to the Post are coming from the FBI, specifically Mark Felt, but Mitchell says they can’t do anything for fear that Felt will divulge everything he knows. Kleindienst also tells Gray that Felt is the leak. When asked, Felt denies it and suggests Charlie Bates from the criminal division is the leaker.
Saturday, October 21, 1972
Woodward meets with Felt/Deep Throat and says they are running a story naming Haldeman is as the fifth person controlling the secret fund. He tries to get Felt/Deep Throat to confirm the story, but he refuses. Felt does say he’ll keep the reporters out of trouble which Woodward reads as a confirmation, but Felt/Deep Throat says he is not obligated to warn them off any inaccurate stories.
Mid October 1972
Time Magazine’s Sandy Smith reports that the White House is not only ignoring most of the FBI findings, but they are using the agency to bolster the President’s campaign.
Monday, October 23, 1972
Woodward and Bernstein return to Sloan to get confirmation on Haldeman, but like Felt/Deep Throat, he wants nothing to do with it at first. Sloan agrees it was not Ehrlichman or Colson which only leaves Haldeman and Nixon. The reporters say they are writing the story and need to be sure they aren’t wrong. Sloan says, “I have no problems if you write a story like that.”
Monday, October 23, 1972
Bernstein contacts Special Agent Angelo Lano in the FBI who confirms that the FBI interviewed Sloan. He says Sloan told them about Haldeman and that it came from the Grand Jury. The reporters feel they have enough confirmation to move forward with the story.
Tuesday, October 24, 1972
Bradlee asks for a fourth source before running a story on Haldeman. Bernstein calls an Justice Department attorney who also refuses to name Haldeman. They come to an agreement that the lawyer will hang up if they should hold on the story. The lawyer does not hang up.
Wednesday, October 25, 1972
Based on what they perceive to be various confirmations, the Post publishes at story naming Bob Haldeman as the fifth person to control the secret fund. After the story runs, Daniel Schorr of CBS catches up to Sloan and his lawyer, and the attorney emphatically denies Sloan named Haldeman to the grand jury. Woodward and Bernstein believe Haldeman is the fifth person, but clearly there was an error in their reporting about how it was known. Ziegler’s press conference turns into an all out attack on the Post saying “I don’t respect the type of shabby journalism that is being practiced by the Washington Post…”
Wednesday, October 25, 1972
Woodward speaks with Sloan’s attorney and asks if the Haldeman controlled the fund. The attorney will not comment, but when asked, says he doesn’t believe the reporters need to make a public apology to Haldeman. This eases Woodward’s concerns that they’d been mislead.
Wednesday, October 25, 1972
Woodward and Bernstein track down Agent Lano and threaten to go to his boss if he doesn’t give them some straight answers. He refuses so they approach his superior with the information saying they would need to reveal any source that knowingly mislead them, but get nothing further. Bradlee issues a statement, “We stand by our story.”
Wednesday, October 25, 1972
That evening, Sloan tells Bernstein he was never asked about Haldeman when speaking to the grand jury which is why he refuted their story.
Wednesday, October 25, 1972
Nixon tells Colson regarding the Post, “They don’t realize how rough I can play.”
Thursday, October 26, 1972
MacGregor appears on television and confirms the CRP cash fund for clandestine, but not illegal, activities. He says the five people associated with fund were Mitchell, Stans, Magruder, Porter, and Liddy.
Friday, October 27, 1972
Felt/Deep Throat tells Woodward that his facts are correct saying, “…this whole business is a Haldeman operation.” He says Haldeman relies on Lawrence Higby, Dwight Chapin, Gordon Strachan, and Alexander Butterfield to carry out his orders.
Friday, October 27, 1972
Time magazine reports FBI files confirm Chapin admitted to hiring Segretti to disrupt the Democrats and that he was paid by Herbert Kalmbach who admitted to making the payments. A Post story that day outlines the reason for Sloan’s denials, however, sources still claim Haldeman was responsible for payments from the fund.
Friday, October 27, 1972
On the CBS evening news, Walter Cronkite, himself starting to believe Watergate is deserving of a national audience, introduces a 14 minute segment devoted to explaining the scandal.
Sunday, October 29, 1972
The Post clarifies the Haldeman story admitting that while Sloan did not name Haldeman to the grand jury, federal sources confirmed that Haldeman had authority over the secret fund.
Tuesday, October 31, 1972
CBS airs a second segment on Watergate over the protests of Colson. Cronkite’s interest begins to shift the country’s attitude.
Tuesday, October 31, 1972
Patman releases his committee’s report linking CRP money to the burglars and accusing the White House of holding the investigation back, but the report is mostly ignored.
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