October &
November 1973
While the actual break in at the Watergate didn’t occur until June 1972, the seeds of the scandal were planted in the early years of Nixon’s first term (and a case could be made they go back even farther).
Key Events
- Formation of The Plumbers
- The Pentagon Papers
“They’re gonna beat the (expletive) out of some of these people.”
–Bob Haldeman
<<July through September ’73
December ’73 through March ’74>>
Wednesday, October 03, 1973
Segretti tells the Senate Committee that he regularly reported to Chapin, his assumed boss, about his election related activities. This contradicts Chapin’s testimony that he rarely spoke to Segretti.
Tuesday, October 09, 1973
After several days of attempted negotiations with Agnew, Richardson decides the Vice President can avoid prison as long as he resigns and the evidence against him is released.
Thursday, October 11, 1973
The Special Prosecutor’s office puts out its first indictment for Egil Krogh.
Friday, October 12, 1973
The US Court of Appeals upholds Sirica’s order. Nixon must turn over the tapes by October 19 or file an appeal to the US Supreme Court.
Friday, October 12, 1973
With most looking for him to select someone who will be easy to confirm, Nixon calls Gerald Ford and offers him the Vice Presidency.
Monday, October 15, 1973
Haig and Buzhardt tell Richardson the President will prepare transcripts of the tapes to turn over, but will not give up the tapes themselves. Once that happens, Cox needed to be fired. Haig also tells Richardson if this brings the matter to an end, Cox can keep his job. Richardson tells his new deputy William Ruckelshaus, fresh from his short stint at the FBI, that they have another big problem.
Monday, October 15, 1973
The plan put forth is that Senator John Stennis would receive the tapes and transcripts and verify their accuracy. Cox tells Richardson the “Stennis Proposal” is not acceptable.
Wednesday, October 17, 1973
Cox announces guilty pleas from three US companies involved in making illegal campaign contributions to Nixon’s reelection bid.
Wednesday, October 17, 1973
Sirica says he does not have the authority to enforce the Senate committee’s subpoena.
Thursday, October 18, 1973
Wright, Buzhardt, and Garment draft a letter of four stipulations Cox needs to agree to.
Friday, October 19, 1973
The Miami Herald reports that Nixon’s friend BeBe Rebozo is under investigation for dealings related to a campaign contribution from Howard Hughes.
Friday, October 19, 1973
After reviewing the stipulations from the White House lawyers, Cox knows trouble lies ahead. When his rejection reaches the White House, Richardson is summoned by Nixon and assumes it will be for the last time.
Friday, October 19, 1973
Buzhardt and others in the White House decide to persuade Judge Sirica and the Senate Watergate Committee to accept the Stennis transcripts and cut Cox out of the conversation. Senators Sam Ervin and Howard Baker of the Senate Committee agree to the Stennis plan.
Friday, October 19, 1973
That evening, Cox receives word the White House is no longer interested in negotiating with his office. The White House also notifies Richardson that Nixon is accepting the Stennis Proposal and the special prosecutor should make no further requests for tapes or notes of Presidential conversations. Richardson reads the letter to Cox and says he does not support it.
Friday, October 19, 1973
The White House informs the press about the Stennis Proposal saying it will bring an end to all the litigation surrounding the tapes.
Saturday, October 20, 1973
At a press conference, Cox says he has no intention of resigning and will continue to use the legal system to obtain Nixon’s tapes. The press is sympathetic to his plight as he’s viewed as one man standing up to the President of the United States.
Saturday, October 20, 1973
Nixon demands Cox be fired. When the request comes to Richardson, however, he refuses and resigns. His deputy, William Ruckelshaus also refuses and resigns (or is fired according to Haig). Solicitor General Robert Bork reluctantly agrees to carry out the order. Richardson calls Cox to give him forewarning. Ziegler announces the news that the Special Prosecution office has been dissolved. The event will become known as “The Saturday Night Massacre.”
Saturday, October 20, 1973
FBI Agent Lano is sent to the special prosecutors office to secure it and is met by many of the lawyers working there. They were not fired by Nixon so they were attempting to carry on their work.
Monday, October 22, 1973
As the remaining members of the special prosecutors discuss what to do next, Nixon’s approval rating slides to 24%. Bork, now acting Attorney General gives them his support. Many key Republicans also begin voicing their outrage at the President’s actions.
Monday, October 22, 1973
Sirica receives the formal Stennis Proposal from the White House and finds it inadequate.
Tuesday, October 23, 1973
With Sirica expecting compliance that afternoon, Buzhardt convinces Nixon to reverse his stance and agree to turn over the nine tapes.
Tuesday, October 23, 1973
Twenty two separate bills calling for an impeachment investigation are introduced to the House.
Tuesday, October 23, 1973
Sirica tells the two grand juries working on Watergate that their work will continue.
Tuesday, October 23, 1973
When court begins, everyone is shocked when the President’s team announces he will turn over the tapes.
Thursday, October 25, 1973
When Nixon orders military forces be placed on alert, Kissinger faces questions wondering if the move was only made to distract people from Watergate.
Friday, October 26, 1973
After dealing with the firestorm of the “Saturday Night Massacre”, Nixon agrees to appoint another special prosecutor. He says he does expects the new prosecutor will find the compromise of the tape transcripts and summaries sufficient.
Tuesday, October 30, 1973
In a private meeting, Buzhardt tells Jaworski two of the nine tapes cannot be located. Sirica says they’ll have to admit that in court the next day.
Wednesday, October 31, 1973
After Haig agrees that Jaworski can go after any evidence he wants, Jaworski agrees to become the Special Prosecutor.
First week of November 1973
Felt/Deep Throat tells Woodward that portions of Nixon’s tapes have been intentionally erased. Woodard receives confirmation from other sources, but Ron Ziegler says no tapes have been erased.
Thursday, November 01, 1973
William Saxbe is nominated to be Nixon’s fourth attorney general, and Leon Jaworski is officially announced as the new Special Prosecutor.
Thursday, November 01, 1973
Segretti pleads guilty to distributing false campaign material. He’s eventually sentenced to six months in prison.
Thursday, November 01, 1973
Nixon’s secretary, Rose Marie Woods, tells him she may have made a small gap in the June 20 recording of a conversation between Nixon and Haldeman.
Friday, November 02, 1973
Beginning with editorial writer Joe Alsop, numerous newspapers and magazines around the country begin to call for Nixon’s resignation.
Saturday, November 03, 1973
Buzhardt and Garment fly to Key Biscayne with an increasingly long list of issues to try and persuade Nixon to resign. The two men begin by making their case to Haig and Ziegler neither of whom supported the suggestion.
Sunday, November 04, 1973
Haig carries the lawyers message to Nixon, but Nixon says he will not resign nor will he meet with his lawyers. Garment begins to pull away from the case entirely.
Monday, November 05, 1973
Jaworski begins his role as special prosecutor. The existing staff members assume changes will occur, but Jaworski keeps all of them in their roles.
Friday, November 09, 1973
Buzhardt testifies before Judge Sirica about when he became aware of the tapes and the lack of a Dictabelt of Nixon’s recollections.
Monday, November 12, 1973
Time magazine publishes its first editorial in history calling for the President to resign.
Wednesday, November 14, 1973
Buzhardt begins listening to the tapes before they are turned over the Sirica. His intention is to assess how damaging they are and which sections the President can claim executive privilege. They were told previously one of the tapes has a five minute erasure, but, in fact, it is eighteen minutes and fifteen seconds long.
Thursday, November 15, 1973
Haig tells Nixon about the gap in the tape, but Nixon is more furious at Buzhardt’s oversight of not fully reading Cox’s request when it originally came in. When Nixon meets with his layers, Buzhardt can’t tell if Nixon is lying when discussing the erasure. They end up reviewing Haldeman’s notes from the meeting to try and fill the void. Upon reviewing the summary, Haig is convinced the missing minutes on the tape covered Watergate.
Thursday, November 15, 1973
Buzhardt and Powers listen to the tape of September 30, 1972. It confirms what Dean had said regarding the President praising his work. Other remarks concern the President’s threats against the Washington Post. Most disturbing are comments regarding the lack of IRS cooperation in giving Dean damaging information on a Democratic campaign contributor. Nixon says he’ll fire the Treasury Secretary if they don’t come around saying “It was a goddamn favor to him to get the job.” Buzhardt knows this conversation is likely an impeachable offense.
Thursday, November 15, 1973
Buzhardt next listens to the tape from March 21, 1973. It begins promisingly enough with Dean explaining the entire Watergate situation just as the President had said. Then, however, when the discussion of paying off the burglary suspects comes up, Nixon does not say the payouts would be wrong. Instead the two men conspire to make it happen. Then Nixon, not Dean, as the President had told them, brings up Hunt’s clemency. Dean tells him clemency may never be possible. Nixon says perhaps after the election, but he agrees it may be wrong. After discussing every manner of making this plan a success, Nixon tells Dean he had the right plan before the election and now they need an new plan. It’s clear to Buzhardt that Nixon knew more than he’d let on.
Saturday, November 17, 1973
Nixon speaking to a large gathering of newspaper editors announces, “In all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination, because people have got to know whether or not their President is a crook. Well, I am not a crook.”
Wednesday, November 21, 1973
The White House lawyers tell Jaworski about the 18 1/2 minute gap who insists the inform Judge Sirica. Sirica makes the matter public and orders and an immediate investigation He also orders the tapes be delivered by Monday. None of the lawyers involved believe the erasure was accidental. Ziegler contacts Bernstein and says he had no clue about this when he’d denied it earlier.
Monday, November 26, 1973
Tapes from conversations on June 20, 1972 are delivered to Sirica. Jill Volner interrogates Rose Mary Woods for three days about her handling of the tapes, specifically how the 18 1/2 minute gap was created. Woods tells her she must have accidentally pressed the record button while answering a phone call. The physical dexterity it would have taken for her to pull that move off is called into question. The White House releases a photo, inspiring the name “The Rose Mary Stretch”, depicting her doing what she claimed. Even still, it only accounts for less than a third of the erasure. It is the opinion of most involved that Nixon asked Woods to delete it, but no evidence ever solves the mystery.
Thursday, November 29, 1973
Ziegler, at Nixon’s request, undercuts his lawyers actions to the press. When confronted, Nixon tells Buzhardt that Ziegler acted on his own.
Friday, November 30, 1973
Krogh pleads guilty saying he can no longer stand by as the violations done to Ellsberg continued to be framed as national security.
<<July through September ’73
December ’73 through March ’74>>